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Explanation of Two Masses 2
Abstract
Two articles are presented for explanation about the masses of a body. It is a brief concept of gravitational and inertial masses and some examples.The Special and General Theory of Relativity are invoked for that explanation.
Explanation of Two Masses 2
The light bends when passing near a large body - This is a consequence of general relativity that geometrize the spacetime and reformulated Newtonian concept that gravitation is manifested by the mutual attraction between two bodies, ie by the action of a force. Imagine a carpet on which to place a ball of lead. It is seen that the carpet is deformed and it would be possible to draw curves that follow the contours of the deformation giving the idea of ways in which some body loose follow these trajectories giving the impression of a force that drew him into the body. How to verify this experimentally? Einstein predicted that the trajectory of a ray of light would be deflected by the gravity of a massive star like the Sun This was recorded during the total solar eclipse on May 29, 1919, and constitutes the most spectacular and famous proof of general relativity. It organized two expeditions under the direction of the British astronomer Arthur Edington. One of the expeditions was send to the island of Principe in the Gulf of Guinea, and the other to Sobral, in northeastern of Brazil. The technique was to photograph the stars near the sun during the eclipse and then compare these photos with photos of the same stars when the sun is found in diverse locations of its orbit. If the stars in the photos presented different positions, then there should have been a diversion of light. And it happened! The analysis of the photographs indicated that the light describe a curved path when passing near a massive star. The English astronomer, who led the African expedition, recalled that the analysis of the first photos of the stars was the culmination of his life, because confirm the diversion predicted Einstein's theory. Other experiments were performed, confirming the same result.
Other predictions of the theory of general relativity have been confirmed by experiments, as the red shift in the spectrum of light emitted by a source within an intense gravitational field, the delay of light passing near the Sun, and " aberration "of the orbit of the planet Mercury, whose point of closest approach of the sun - perihelion-exceeded in about 43 seconds of arc per century, the theoretical speed expected in Newtonian mechanics.
It should be noted that Einstein was the single author of the special and general relativity theory, and was also the author of others two works of great originality: on Brownian motion (which theorizes the movement seen by the molecular agitation of particles suspended in a liquid), and on the photoelectric effect in which he explained the phenomenon of emission of electrons by metal surfaces when struck by a beam of light. The light, he said, consisted of particles or packets of energy called photons. The corpuscular nature of light, contradicted the classical concept that it was a continuous wave. Today it is proved that the light has this dual character. With the photoelectric effect Einstein also inaugurated the quantum theory which earned him the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921.
There is no doubt that the twentieth-century physics gave a historic turning point on absolute concepts of classical physics. The equation E = mc2 is the most famous of physics and also the most popular and which unifies the concepts of mass and energy, unlike the Newtonian concept that separated them into separate entities. Thus, mass and energy are interchangeable concepts, ie, mass is energy and energy has mass and are manifestations of something more fundamental that is at a deeper level of reality.
The amazing power of the atom was only even explained by that equation, giving rise to nuclear technology that exists today. The peaceful applications of nuclear energy are present today in almost all scientific activities, industry, astronomy, agriculture and medicine; radiopharmaceuticals are used as tracers in various organs such as the thyroid, and sealed radioisotopes for treatment gynecological cancer and others. Currently, the radioisotopes are used for sterilization of pests in grains such as beans, rice, inhibiting the proliferation of microorganisms, allowing the economy of millions of dollars in countries such as Russia, for example. These techniques are already used in France also in the economics of food ready for use. Many people think that food, once irradiated, can become radioactive; it's just prejudice, because for a material to become radioactive should be some "compatibility" between the radiation source and substance in relation to the energy employed. Finally, the other side of the coin, ie the destructive power of the atom is not the responsibility of the scientists…
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About the Author
Physicist and writer. Five published books. Msc. in science by COPPE-UFRJ (Rio de Janeiro). Phd in Physics by UFPA(Belém do Pará). Take training at Kernforschunganlage Jülich Gmbh-Germany. Professor and guide of two thesis in post-graduation. Flght-Controller. Articles published at journals. See more at Google search: "leopoldino dos santos Ferreira".
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